ISIS
ISIS (also known as ISIL, Islamic State or IS, and Daesh in Arabic) is a Salafi-jihadist group that founded an unrecognized “caliphate,” a quasi-state in Iraq and Syria in 2014 capturing large swaths of territory in a bloody sweep amid the Syrian civil war. By 2019, the group had lost most of the territory it had taken over.
ISIS garnered global attention for terror propaganda videos, including gruesome beheadings of foreign nationals abducted by the group over the course of its rise in 2014. The group was also behind a series of deadly terror attacks worldwide including the 2015 Paris attacks and the 2016 Nice truck attack. Its violent rhetoric and propaganda continue to inspire terror plots and criminal activity linked to domestic Islamist extremism across the world. It operates branches globally.
Its precursor organization, Al Qaeda in Iraq, was founded by Abu Musab al Zarqawi in 2004.