Boko Haram
Boko Haram is an Islamist group founded in 2004 in Nigeria by Mohammed Yusuf. Originally dedicated to "purifying" the region from Western influence, the group's name translates to "Western education is forbidden." The group is based in northeastern Nigeria, and its area of operations includes Niger, Chad and northern Cameroon. After Yusuf's death, the group was led by Abubakr Shekau, who oversaw an increase in the frequency and brutality of attacks. Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2016, but fell out with ISIS leadership over differences in beliefs and tactics. Shekau was killed in 2021 and Boko Haram has splintered, with some fighters joining ISIS's West Africa Province and others forming new factions of Boko Haram.